Sensors are extensively employed in automotive power, chassis, body, and other systems. New energy vehicles, which have witnessed a significant rise in popularity in recent years, are no exception. Sensors play an extremely vital role in the electronic control systems of new energy vehicles. A vehicle typically incorporates dozens to hundreds of sensors. Common ones encompass pressure sensors, acceleration sensors, current sensors, environmental perception sensors, gas sensors, oil pressure sensors, and temperature sensors. Vehicle sensors also exert a very significant role in the internal operation systems of automobiles. Let's take a look at the various functions of some sensors in new energy vehicles.
Current Sensor
The application of current sensors in new energy vehicles mainly lies in battery system management, motor drive control, and power module systems. Current sensors can also detect the charging and discharging currents, enhance the utilization efficiency of car batteries, and collect the terminal voltage and temperature of each battery in the power battery pack of electric vehicles in real time, along with the charging and discharging currents and the total voltage of the battery pack, to prevent overcharging or overdischarging of the battery.
Pressure Sensor
By monitoring the working pressure of the engine, the braking pressure of the braking system, and other data, pressure sensors can promptly identify vehicle malfunctions and ensure driving safety. Furthermore, pressure sensors in the battery management system can monitor the working status of the battery in real time to guarantee its safe operation.
Acceleration Sensor
By detecting and analyzing variations in acceleration, acceleration sensors can fulfill multiple functions, such as automatically adjusting the rotation direction of the screen, detecting signal distortion, and detecting falls.
Angular Velocity Sensor
Also known as a gyroscope, it, in conjunction with an accelerometer, constitutes an inertial navigation system and is a major factor determining the precision of the inertial navigation system in new energy vehicles.
Environmental Perception Sensor
Environmental perception sensors are the "eyes" of a vehicle. Environmental perception is achieved through sensors such as cameras, lidar, millimeter-wave radar, ultrasonic radar, gyroscopes, and accelerometers to perceive information about the surrounding environment and the vehicle's status.
Gas Sensor
Vehicle gas sensors are key components in the exhaust treatment system of automobiles. As a source of information for the vehicle's electronic control system, they determine the level of control over vehicle emissions and play an important role in reducing emission pollution and improving energy utilization.
Temperature Sensor
There are two types of temperature sensors installed in a vehicle, namely the water temperature sensor and the intake air temperature sensor. Both types of sensors are thermistors with the same characteristics, and their temperature coefficients are both negative. The water temperature sensor is installed on the engine cooling water passage, and its function is to detect the temperature of the engine cooling water. The housing of the water temperature sensor is fully enclosed, and it detects the water temperature by the change in resistance value.